• Furthermore we found up regulated protein

  2024-03-01

  

  Furthermore, we found up-regulated protein and mRNA levels of adenosine kinase in mouse retina with TON. The up-regulation of ADK was previously demonstrated in diabetic retinopathy (Pang et al., 2010). Greater levels of ADK in activated macrophages and microglial cells abrogate the immune response.

• Renal cell carcinoma RCC accounts for

  2024-03-01

  

  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 12,000 cancer deaths in the United States (Jemal et al., 2003). The current treatment includes surgical resection followed by interleukin-2 or Interferon-α treatment. Some patients experience distant metastatic lesions of RCC. In the last 5 years, re

• The altered frequency of CD T

  2024-03-01

  

  The altered frequency of CD4+ T Sildenafil in 5-LO−/− mice led us to hypothesize that these leukocytes could be exerting a primary control of the inflammatory response. In fact, the lack of 5-LO resulted in the accumulation of CD4+CD25+ cells expressing Treg markers. It is plausible to speculate th

• Fig A shows a schematic

  2024-03-01

  

  Fig. 2A shows a schematic representation of histological results according to the Franklin and Paxinos Mouse Brain Atlas (2001). The black circles represent the sites of drug infusion that were on-target within the amygdala. Gray circles represent the animals that had infusion locations outside the

• br Role of autophagy in alcoholic cardiomyopathy br

  2024-02-29

  

  Role of autophagy in alcoholic cardiomyopathy Concluding remarks The genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in alcoholic cardiac injury has been recognized despite the seemingly beneficial effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption [8]. Although oxidative stress is well established in the pa

• Several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated chang

  2024-02-29

  

  Several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated changes in bioactive lipid profiles under hyperglycemic conditions and have linked these changes with increased leukocyte adhesion and vascular dysfunction during diabetes. This input has originated partly from lipidomic studies that showed elev

• br Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is an aggressiv

  2024-02-29

  

  Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and malignant cancer detected in clinical practice, as it is the third key reason of tumor-related deaths worldwide, with > 800, 000 mortalities every year (Torre et al., 2015). Current treatments for HCC are surgical therapy, liver tra

• br Metabolic effects of apelin in

  2024-02-29

  

  Metabolic effects of apelin in obesity and type 2 diabetes Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for several weeks become obese, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant. Acute apelin treatment by intravenous injection or by infusion during a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp in obese and i

• It has been demonstrated that the hallmarks of pulmonary

  2024-02-29

  

  It has been demonstrated that the hallmarks of pulmonary fibrosis are a loss of endothelial function and subsequent activation of the immune system, which is considered as a direct outcome affected by intracellular pro-inflammatory responses [26]. Thus, inhibition of early inflammation could be an i

• The proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL TN

  2024-02-29

  

  The proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1, mediate acute and chronic inflammation and play a role in the development of hypertension [2, [51], [52], [53]], cardiovascular diseases [4, 54] and renal injury [55, 56] in animal models and humans. Concerning the possi

• br Acknowledgments and Disclosures br Introduction Over the

  2024-02-29

  

  Acknowledgments and Disclosures Introduction Over the last decade, the most visible strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been amyloid β peptide (Aβ) immunotherapy (reviewed in [1]). Although the first efforts with Aβ immunotherapy failed to complete clinical trials [1], A

• br Introduction The development and plasticity of synapses i

  2024-02-29

  

  Introduction The development and plasticity of synapses involve the timely recruitment of a plethora of proteins on both pre- and postsynaptic sides through ill-defined mechanisms. At excitatory synapses, two of the major proteins that are dynamically recruited postsynaptically are the Ca2+/calmo

• OCT also is known as POU F plays an important

  2024-02-29

  

  OCT4 (also is known as POU5F1) plays an important role in embryonic stem cell self-renewal, development and reprogram somatic cell into pluripotent stem cell [[5], [6], [7]]. Recently, many studies also find OCT4 promotes the progression of many tumors. For example, Wnt/β-catenin promotes the expans

• Serum soluble sCD is a shedding product

  2024-02-28

  

  Serum soluble sCD21 is a shedding product from the ectodomain of membrane CD21 after B cell activation (Masilamani et al., 2003, Masilamani et al., 2004a, Masilamani et al., 2004b, Grottenthaler et al., 2006, Hoefer et al., 2008), which resembles the ligand-binding capacity of intact CD21 (Wu et al.

• The knowledge on the structure of CYP including

  2024-02-28

  

  The knowledge on the structure of CYP17, including its active site, provides a rationale for understanding many mutations that are found in enzyme dysfunction in clinical disease as well as the enzyme's dual hydroxylase and lyase catalytic capabilities. This knowledge will assist rational drug desig

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