• AP activity is increased by

  2024-07-18

  

  AP-1 activity is increased by MAP kinase stimulation in different cell types (Whitmarsh and Davis, 1996), while MKP-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and inactivation of MAP kinases in the nucleus, inhibits AP-1 (Rössler et al., 2008, Rössler and Thiel, 2009, Mayer et al., 2011, Thi

• AMP activated protein kinase AMPK is

  2024-07-18

  

  AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is composed of α-, β-, and γ-subunits [17,18]. Phosphorylation of α-subunit at Thr-172 residue is essential for AMPK activation [17,18]. The serine/threonine kinase coordinates metabolic pathways in response to energy supply and demand [17,18]. Studies have shown

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In this

  2024-07-18

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we observed that PACAP2 immunoreactivity is mainly distributed in the telencephalon, hippocampus, and cerebellum of the zebrafish brain. This distribution pattern is similar to that reported in a previous study in which PACAP immunorea

• A review has recently been published to

  2024-07-17

  

  A review has recently been published to evaluate the potential effects of food, alcohol and Nitecapone juices on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs for BPH. The authors reviewed the PubMed database during the years 1991–2015. In addition, a digital version of Stockley on drug in

• Endoplasmic reticulum ER stress resulting

  2024-07-17

  

  Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER lumen stimulates a chain of adaptive responses termed as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Glucose related protein (GRP78/BiP), key ER chaperone essential for the activation of the ER-transmembrane signaling

• br Discussion In our current study we demonstrated that

  2024-07-17

  

  Discussion In our current study, we demonstrated that both the metastatic and recurrent ovarian cancer tissues expressed lower levels of p62 when compared with the patient-matched primary tumor samples. High SC 560 levels of p62 were associated with long progression-free survival of patients with

• br Autophagy inducers Macroautophagy is often

  2024-07-17

  

  Autophagy inducers Macroautophagy is often seen as a cellular process capable of increasing the fitness of ache inhibitor and overcome resistance to several forms of stress [9], [10]. As discussed above, it has been proposed by several authors that an effective strategy for enhancing sensitivity

• To better illustrate the involved neuronal

  2024-07-17

  

  To better illustrate the involved neuronal postganglionic pathways, central apelin-13 injection was performed in rats received peripheral preadministration of NOS inhibitor L-NAME, sympatholytic agent guanethidine and/or muscarinic receptor agonist bethanechol. Compared with the rats received vehicl

• The reduction of heterodimerization of

  2024-07-17

  

  The reduction of heterodimerization of KOR and APJ by both doses of apelin found in the present study may result in inducing protective effects of apelin on the myocardium imposed to high pressure in renovascular hypertension conditions. The finding that apelin in both doses reduced heterodimerizati

• We also explored the possibility that this PKC activating

  2024-07-17

  

  We also explored the possibility that this PKC-θ activating protein could operate on the auto-phosphorylation process of the kinase, a specific event accompanying PKC activation [32]. The heated PKC-θ immunoprecipitate from metaphasic cells was then added to PKC-θ isolated both from interphasic or m

• Thiol are reduced by two

  2024-07-17

  

  Thiol are reduced by two major redox systems, glutathione/glutaredoxin (GRX) and thioredoxin (TRX), which have been extensively studied in plants [13], [14], [15]. Glutathione, a thiol-containing tripeptide, exists in a reduced (GSH) or an oxidized form (GSSG). It has a major role as a redox buffer.

• It has been known for a while that oxygenation the

  2024-07-17

  

  It has been known for a while that oxygenation (the addition of oxygen) of Aβ can inhibit the formation of amyloids and diminish their cytotoxicity. Photo-oxygenation of Aβ started with fullerenes almost a decade ago by Toshima and co-workers. Later, porphyrins and polyoxometalates were used as well

• In AD and possibly other forms of dementia

  2024-07-17

  

  In AD, and possibly other forms of dementia, it has been suggested that tau mislocalization to dendritic spines anticipates neurodegeneration [48]. Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in dendritic spies would cause a derangement of synaptic function, thereby impairing excitatory synaptic transmi

• We have previously shown that the antinociceptive effect

  2024-07-16

  

  We have previously shown that the antinociceptive effect of tramadol, an analgesic that, like paracetamol is able to increase serotonin levels within CNS, is potentiated or antagonized respectively by a 5-HT1A/B nonspecific (±)-Baclofen blockade or activation (Rojas-Corrales et al., 2000). Moreover

• Previous work established interactions between CRF and KOR s

  2024-07-16

  

  Previous work established interactions between CRF and KOR systems in regulating attention (39). The CRF antagonist ANT attenuated, but did not completely reverse, the effects of PACAP (.5 µg) and did not have any effects on its own (Table 2). There were no significant differences in performance amo

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